Product & Industrial Design / Research

200 challenges, from problem to solution.

Spanning product definition, human–machine relationships, intelligent interaction and service coordination, organized into 20 research areas. Each challenge sets out the specific problem, a three-step method, deliverables and how results are validated.

Explore product and industrial design work ↗

Full library: 200 challenges · 20 research areas

Product Definition & Needs Research001

Too many features, unclear core value

The product roadmap keeps adding features, yet users struggle to name the main reason to buy.

Solution PathInterview users and purchasers to map high-frequency tasks and purchase criteria separately.
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Product Definition & Needs Research002

One product, many user groups

A single specification can't serve professionals, first-time users and operations managers at once.

Solution PathBuild a role map documenting each group's goals and differences in capability.
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Product Definition & Needs Research003

Procurement needs disconnected from real use

Buyers focus on specs and price; on-site users care about convenience and maintenance.

Solution PathRun procurement interviews and on-site observation in parallel to build two sets of decision evidence.
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Product Definition & Needs Research004

Technology without a product form

The technical principles and prototypes exist, but clear user scenarios and product boundaries are missing.

Solution PathStart from technical capabilities to identify the concrete tasks they can solve, ruling out directions with weak demand.
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Product Definition & Needs Research005

Competitive research that stops at appearance

Competitor reviews collect plenty of images but offer little judgment on functional layout or user experience.

Solution PathBreak down competitors' operating steps, spatial layouts and service flows against the same tasks.
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Product Definition & Needs Research006

Fragmented field insights that are hard to act on

Photos, interviews and feedback are scattered across teams, making them hard to use in design decisions.

Solution PathUse a unified log to capture people, tasks, environments and exceptions.
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Product Definition & Needs Research007

One product for very different environments

Indoor, outdoor and mobile conditions vary widely, and the current form isn't adapted to them.

Solution PathRecord how lighting, space, handling and operating posture change in each environment.
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Product Definition & Needs Research008

Shifting requirements for a first-generation product

New requirements keep arriving during development, forcing repeated rework of concepts and prototypes.

Solution PathDefine the first-generation product's target users, core tasks and what is out of scope.
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Product Definition & Needs Research009

Public service equipment without field evidence

Equipment is designed mainly around departmental needs, with little research into how the public actually uses it.

Solution PathObserve the full public journey on site, from arrival and queuing to departure.
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Product Definition & Needs Research010

Product value that's hard to explain internally

Design, engineering and marketing each describe the product differently, making a shared view hard to reach.

Solution PathBuild a shared narrative around target users, key tasks and outcomes.
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Brand Language & Product Families011

A product range without a shared identity

Each model is designed independently, so users can't tell they belong to the same brand.

Solution PathExtract proportions, silhouettes, zoning and detail features from existing products.
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Brand Language & Product Families012

Brand positioning and product character out of step

The brand speaks of professionalism and reliability, yet the products look cluttered or frivolous.

Solution PathTranslate brand positioning into principles for scale, structural order and material expression.
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Brand Language & Product Families013

No rules for extending the product family

As new products move into different sizes and categories, the original design language becomes hard to carry forward.

Solution PathDistinguish fixed brand features from form features that change with function.
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Brand Language & Product Families014

Corporate and sub-series identities in conflict

Overlapping colors and logo systems across product series make the hierarchy hard for users to read.

Solution PathMap the relationships between corporate, series, model and function identifiers.
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Brand Language & Product Families015

Overcrowded product front faces

Logos, feature callouts and decorative details cluster on the front, weakening the primary control area.

Solution PathInventory all information by role: identification, operation or maintenance.
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Brand Language & Product Families016

Product identity over-reliant on a large logo

Without the logo, the product lacks distinctive features and series recognition is weak.

Solution PathStudy memorable features in silhouette, button layout and material zoning.
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Brand Language & Product Families017

Weak differentiation between trim levels

Price tiers differ only in color, so users struggle to see what each configuration offers.

Solution PathMap differences in function, controls and materials across versions.
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Brand Language & Product Families018

Legacy products that don't bridge to a brand refresh

The new identity system clashes with older models still on sale, creating confusion during the transition.

Solution PathAudit the molds, packaging and identification carriers still in use.
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Brand Language & Product Families019

Product photography that misses the design story

Promotional imagery emphasizes atmosphere while obscuring critical proportions, material qualities, and operational characteristics.

Solution PathDocument essential structural features, functional details, and use gestures that must remain visible.
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Brand Language & Product Families020

Product semantics lack clarity across cultural markets.

The same color, symbol, or form reads differently across user groups.

Solution PathConduct concept interviews within target regions; record specific interpretations rather than generic preferences.
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Ergonomics & Inclusive Design021

Mouse grip tolerance does not account for user variation.

Hand size and grip habits produce markedly different tactile experiences.

Solution PathDocument palm, wrap, and pinch grips; capture key contact zones.
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Ergonomics & Inclusive Design022

Device weight distribution affects operational stability.

Total weight may be acceptable, but actual use reveals forward lean or sustained wrist pressure.

Solution PathRecord support positions during single-hand, two-hand, and hand-switching tasks.
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Ergonomics & Inclusive Design023

Button placement conflicts with natural motion.

Critical buttons fall outside comfortable reach, forcing users to adjust their grip.

Solution PathObserve finger dwell, travel, and press paths during primary tasks.
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Ergonomics & Inclusive Design024

Interactive terminal height fails to accommodate diverse statures.

Standing, seated, and wheelchair users experience different reach zones at the same terminal.

Solution PathRecord sightlines, hand reach, and circulation space in the actual environment.
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Ergonomics & Inclusive Design025

Product operation over-relies on fine motor control.

Dials, clips, and small buttons demand precision; some users cannot complete tasks.

Solution PathIdentify high-precision actions and steps requiring multi-finger coordination.
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Ergonomics & Inclusive Design026

Low-vision users struggle to discern product state.

Small type, low contrast, and color-only indicators compromise status recognition.

Solution PathAudit status information by text, color, position, and viewing distance.
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Ergonomics & Inclusive Design027

Left and right hand experiences diverge.

Openings, buttons, and accessories favor one side; opposite-side users face constraints.

Solution PathRecord operation sequence and crossing motions for both sides.
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Ergonomics & Inclusive Design028

Children and adults share the product.

Scale, operational logic, and supervision method differ; current design makes no distinction.

Solution PathDocument contact approaches and comprehension paths across age groups.
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Ergonomics & Inclusive Design029

Extended use offers no postural variation.

Fixed operating height and position limit postural adjustment; users cannot sustain operation.

Solution PathObserve posture, pauses, and compensatory movements across a complete work cycle.
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Ergonomics & Inclusive Design030

Gloved operation provides insufficient feedback.

Touch screens and small controls fail in gloved use; confirmation cues are subtle.

Solution PathDocument glove type, contact gesture, and screen-viewing conditions on site.
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Materials, Color & Finish031

Material selection mismatches the use environment.

Material choices prioritize sample appearance; tactile, cleaning, and longevity demands are underweighted.

Solution PathBuild a use-condition matrix for material contact, cleaning, light exposure, and handling.
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Materials, Color & Finish032

Supplier color variation becomes apparent.

The same brand color diverges across shells, accessories, and packaging.

Solution PathEstablish color reference panels compared under uniform light and a formal approval process.
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Materials, Color & Finish033

Gloss shells readily show visible marks.

Prototypes display brilliantly; daily handling reveals obvious fingerprints and scratches.

Solution PathTarget high-contact zones and collect typical post-use surface states.
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Materials, Color & Finish034

Seamed materials create tactile discord.

Different materials form abrupt boundaries at joints, disrupting grip and overall feel.

Solution PathTrack material transitions as fingers slide, grasp, and rest.
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Materials, Color & Finish035

Color-coded information risks misinterpretation.

Devices use color to distinguish model, status, and function; encoding rules conflict.

Solution PathSeparate model identification, operational cues, and status feedback.
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Materials, Color & Finish036

Soft-touch material performance destabilizes over time.

Initial tactile comfort may deteriorate after sustained contact and cleaning.

Solution PathClarify contact frequency, cleaning method, and environmental conditions.
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Materials, Color & Finish037

Metal aesthetic and functional layout constrain each other.

Surface pursuit of unbroken metal sacrifices functional openings and interaction zones.

Solution PathList layout requirements for ports, indicators, controls, and service access.
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Materials, Color & Finish038

Transparent components expose internal disorder.

Transparency enhances visibility but also exposes unrelated structures and wiring.

Solution PathDistinguish areas for display, concealment, and observation.
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Materials, Color & Finish039

Durable products age visually too quickly.

Trendy colors and ornamental detail evolve faster than product lifespan; function persists while appearance dates.

Solution PathResearch user retention and appearance judgments at replacement.
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Materials, Color & Finish040

Material samples cannot represent production units.

Small panels behave differently than finished surfaces with actual curvature, texture, and seams.

Solution PathBuild representative samples incorporating actual curvature, thickness, and joint locations.
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Structural Integration & Mass Production041

Aesthetic concept degrades during structural implementation.

Conceptual models ignore internal layout; engineering adjustments distort original proportions.

Solution PathAlign core components and assembly space during concept development.
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Structural Integration & Mass Production042

Seam placement disrupts product order.

Assembly divisions create arbitrary seams, conflicting with outline and operational zones.

Solution PathMap assembly, service, and styling requirements onto a single component diagram.
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Structural Integration & Mass Production043

Tooling constraints force repeated detail revision.

Styling details miss synchronization with forming methods; surfaces and edges cycle through late adjustments.

Solution PathInvite manufacturing partners to review critical curves, openings, and connections.
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Structural Integration & Mass Production044

Fasteners remain visible, compromising grip and appearance.

Scattered screw positions obstruct grasping, cleaning, and brand recognition.

Solution PathDistinguish assembly fixings from fasteners users must access for service.
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Structural Integration & Mass Production045

Assembly direction resists recognition.

Similar parts and accessories install backward; detection relies on operator experience.

Solution PathDocument assembly sequence, directional cues, and error locations.
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Structural Integration & Mass Production046

Module swaps erode appearance uniformity.

Color and seams drift across batches and configurations; units look fragmented.

Solution PathDefine shared interfaces, appearance boundaries, and module identification rules.
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Structural Integration & Mass Production047

Design handoff documentation omits critical intent.

Engineering drawings specify dimensions but not which tactile or formal qualities must endure.

Solution PathAnnotate key identity surfaces, contact zones, and permissible adjustments.
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Structural Integration & Mass Production048

Small-batch trials misrepresent production performance.

Display samples receive manual refinement, masking actual assembly and surface variation.

Solution PathDistinguish display samples from trial units by purpose and production method.
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Structural Integration & Mass Production049

Multi-variant products repeat development cost.

Similar models lack shared components; each upgrade cycles through redundant design.

Solution PathInventory shared tasks, parts, and dimensional relationships across variants.
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Structural Integration & Mass Production050

Accessory interfaces lack unified layout.

Connector positions shift by model, affecting installation, storage, and user migration.

Solution PathCatalog accessory purpose, attachment frequency, and operating space.
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Interfaces & Status Feedback051

Device operating state remains inconspicuous.

Standby, active, and completion states show minimal visual shift; users cannot determine next action.

Solution PathMap state transitions and what users need to know at each stage.
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Interfaces & Status Feedback052

Touch screen and physical controls express conflicting affordances.

The same function uses different names and sequences on screen versus physical controls.

Solution PathCompare function names, states, and confirmation methods across both entry types.
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Interfaces & Status Feedback053

Device error messages fail to guide action

Alerts display only error codes; users don't know how to resume tasks.

Solution PathMap error scenarios, executable user actions, and boundaries requiring service support.
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Interfaces & Status Feedback054

First-time use requires repeated reading of instructions

Product entry points and setup sequence unclear; users struggle to start independently.

Solution PathObserve questions during power-on, connection, and first task.
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Interfaces & Status Feedback055

Critical operations lack adequate confirmation

Appearance and interface fail to distinguish routine operations from critical task-affecting actions.

Solution PathClassify operations by task impact and reversibility.
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Interfaces & Status Feedback056

Multi-device status displays lack unified meaning

The controller, the device, and the service backend describe the same state in different terms.

Solution PathMap cross-platform status sources, update sequence, and display conditions.
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Interfaces & Status Feedback057

Long tasks lack progress indication

Users don't know if the device is still executing or when it will finish.

Solution PathIdentify task phases and actionable items users need to know while waiting.
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Interfaces & Status Feedback058

Shared terminals easily retain information from previous users

Data and task state from the previous user affect the next user.

Solution PathDocument the complete handoff from login, operation, departure, and resumption.
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Interfaces & Status Feedback059

Audio feedback disrupts others in public environments

Identical notification sounds repeat continuously across contexts and tasks without adaptation.

Solution PathLog sound usage requirements by alert priority and ambient noise.
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Interfaces & Status Feedback060

Software upgrades change established operating habits

After interface updates, key operation entry points migrate; experienced users struggle to complete tasks.

Solution PathIdentify high-frequency tasks that must remain stable versus adjustable content.
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Embodied AI & Service Robots061

Robot intent difficult for on-site personnel to understand

When robots stop or move, nearby people don't understand their task or next action.

Solution PathDocument position, waiting, and avoidance judgment in human-robot encounters.
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Embodied AI & Service Robots062

Robot form factor misaligned with usage scenarios

Home, office, and commercial scenarios differ in scale and intimacy; appearance is one-size-fits-all.

Solution PathAnalyze scenario space, user roles, and expectations of robot responsibilities.
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Embodied AI & Service Robots063

Robot access port mismatched with user actions

Users must bend, detour, or make multiple attempts to retrieve or place items.

Solution PathDocument retrieval/placement height, hand paths, and carrying methods for different users.
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Embodied AI & Service Robots064

Robot item delivery lacks completion confirmation

No clear handoff information between arrival, retrieval, and task completion.

Solution PathMap handoff responsibilities among robot, recipient, and operations staff.
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Embodied AI & Service Robots065

Robot takeover entry insufficiently clear

When manual assistance is needed, on-site personnel can't find help or takeover methods.

Solution PathCategorize waiting, exception, and manual intervention tasks.
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Embodied AI & Service Robots066

Robot maintenance surfaces mixed with public operation surfaces

Maintenance ports and public operation entries are adjacent, causing accidental contact and confusion.

Solution PathDistinguish operation permissions for public, operations, and maintenance roles.
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Embodied AI & Service Robots067

Robot shell cleaning process inconvenient

Complex seams and decorative structures increase cleaning work for operations staff.

Solution PathDocument daily cleaning frequency, contact areas, and staff operation paths.
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Embodied AI & Service Robots068

Multiple robots difficult to distinguish quickly

Identical appearance causes task device confusion; on-site dispatch relies on software lists.

Solution PathAnalyze distance, angle, and environment when operations staff identify devices.
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Embodied AI & Service Robots069

Robot service uncoordinated with spatial circulation

Robot docking, public queuing, and staff passage mutually occupy space.

Solution PathPlot robot task routes and human activity on the same floor plan.
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Embodied AI & Service Robots070

Robot demonstration disconnected from real task understanding

Demos emphasize movement effects; clients struggle to judge how the product participates in work.

Solution PathSelect representative tasks that can be fully demonstrated, clarifying staff and equipment division of labor.
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Drones & Low-Altitude Equipment071

Drone on-site deployment steps complex

After transport to site, accessory organization, airframe deployment, and inspection sequence lack structure.

Solution PathDocument one complete arrival preparation and packing process.
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Drones & Low-Altitude Equipment072

Drone transport case space utilization unreasonable

Equipment and accessories scattered; difficult to verify completeness after transport.

Solution PathInventory items required for different tasks and retrieval frequency.
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Drones & Low-Altitude Equipment073

Drone ground control interface overloaded

Massive data displayed simultaneously; operator struggles to quickly identify task-critical information.

Solution PathDivide information that must remain continuously visible versus on-demand by task phase.
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Drones & Low-Altitude Equipment074

Drone accessory connection direction unclear

Battery, payload, or mount connection relies on experience to judge position and orientation.

Solution PathDocument connection actions and common errors for different accessories.
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Drones & Low-Altitude Equipment075

Drone multi-mission payloads lack unified identification

Different payloads look similar; on-site personnel struggle to confirm purpose and configuration.

Solution PathOrganize payload functions, connection conditions, and item relationships by task.
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Drones & Low-Altitude Equipment076

Drone maintenance inspection materials difficult to use

Materials lengthy and inconsistent with on-site inspection sequence.

Solution PathOrganize boundaries between high-frequency checks and specialized maintenance based on operator tasks.
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Drones & Low-Altitude Equipment077

Drone portable ground station deployment inconvenient

Display, control, and accessories occupy multiple cases; difficult to organize field workstation.

Solution PathObserve operator placement, wiring, monitoring, and packing tasks.
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Drones & Low-Altitude Equipment078

Drone product appearance fails to convey professional use

Consumer and professional models lack clear differentiation; clients struggle to understand task positioning.

Solution PathEstablish correspondence between target tasks and professional usage characteristics.
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Drones & Low-Altitude Equipment079

Drone mission deliverable handoff information incomplete

After device task completion, material delivery status and responsible party unclear.

Solution PathMap roles and information flow from field mission to archive.
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Drones & Low-Altitude Equipment080

Low-altitude equipment display lacks scale reference

Display imagery emphasizes airframe; users struggle to judge transport, operation, and site requirements.

Solution PathSelect actions with scale significance such as handling, deployment, and setup.
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Charging & Energy Equipment081

Charging equipment entry information unclear

Upon arrival, users struggle to distinguish device status, port type, and operation start point.

Solution PathObserve judgment process from arrival, parking, to starting use.
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Charging & Energy Equipment082

Charging cable storage affects user experience

Cable extraction, dragging, and return require extra effort; storage state unclear.

Solution PathDocument different users' cable handling actions, paths, and space.
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Charging & Energy Equipment083

Outdoor equipment interface reading conditions insufficient

Sunlight, rain, and night conditions alter interface visibility; alerts difficult to identify.

Solution PathDocument viewing distance, angle, and information needs under different conditions.
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Charging & Energy Equipment084

Charging equipment model and port labeling chaotic

Users unclear on correspondence among device name, port number, and operation screen.

Solution PathUniformly inventory device, port, application screen, and on-site label names.
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Charging & Energy Equipment085

Charging equipment maintenance access affects neatness

Maintenance surfaces, seams, and public operation surfaces mixed; appearance order unclear.

Solution PathDistinguish public use, inspection, and specialized maintenance tasks.
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Charging & Energy Equipment086

Fragmented wayfinding at charging sites

Guidance breaks down between the road entrance, parking bays and charging equipment.

Solution PathMap routes for drivers, pedestrians and on-site service teams.
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Charging & Energy Equipment087

Insufficient guidance after charging

Users are unsure of the sequence for finishing charging, paying, stowing the cable and leaving.

Solution PathMap how completion is communicated across the charger, app and on-site guidance.
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Charging & Energy Equipment088

Technical information about energy equipment is difficult to explain to the public

Equipment functions are complex, and on-site promotional content is not clearly distinguished from operating instructions.

Solution PathOrganize information separately for public understanding, everyday use and professional maintenance.
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Charging & Energy Equipment089

Inconsistent equipment branding across sites

Differences in suppliers and settings lead to inconsistent equipment appearance, numbering and guidance.

Solution PathAudit equipment types, maintenance requirements and brand touchpoints across sites.
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Charging & Energy Equipment090

Energy storage displays struggle to communicate value

Technical data is abundant, but users struggle to connect equipment capabilities with everyday tasks.

Solution PathIdentify the operational and usage questions each user role needs answered.
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Vehicle Cockpits & Mobility Terminals091

Overly complex navigation on vehicle screens

As more functions are added, users must frequently switch between tasks.

Solution PathDefine the essential information and controls for parking, riding and vehicle management tasks.
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Vehicle Cockpits & Mobility Terminals092

Poor coordination between cockpit screens and physical controls

The same function appears in multiple places, making it difficult for users to develop consistent operating habits.

Solution PathMap how tasks are divided between screens and physical controls, and the conditions in which each is used.
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Vehicle Cockpits & Mobility Terminals093

In-vehicle interfaces lack clear distinctions between user roles

Controls for drivers, passengers and fleet managers are combined in a single interface.

Solution PathIdentify each role’s tasks, permissions and information needs.
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Vehicle Cockpits & Mobility Terminals094

Glare makes center-console information difficult to read

Screens and trim surfaces interfere with visibility under different lighting conditions and viewing angles.

Solution PathDocument typical seating positions, sightlines and changes in ambient light.
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Vehicle Cockpits & Mobility Terminals095

Confusing QR codes and controls on mobility terminals

Ticketing, charging and service terminals display multiple QR codes and function options at once.

Solution PathMap what people arrive to do and define the purpose of each access point.
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Vehicle Cockpits & Mobility Terminals096

Cabin storage does not accommodate everyday belongings

Phones, cups and small items lack dedicated places and must be moved repeatedly during use.

Solution PathDocument what users carry, the order in which they access items and how they place them.
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Vehicle Cockpits & Mobility Terminals097

Unclear equipment status during shared mobility handovers

Previous users, current users and operators interpret equipment status differently.

Solution PathMap the process from collection and inspection through use, return and operational maintenance.
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Vehicle Cockpits & Mobility Terminals098

Vehicle accessories lack consistent identification and storage

Accessories come in different formats, making it difficult to identify their purpose, installation points and storage requirements.

Solution PathOrganize accessories by function, frequency of use and installation location.
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Vehicle Cockpits & Mobility Terminals099

Vehicle handover materials overwhelm users

Handover instructions present too many features at once, making essential first-day tasks difficult to remember.

Solution PathOrganize information into first-time use, everyday use and on-demand reference.
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Vehicle Cockpits & Mobility Terminals100

Inconsistent brand experiences across mobility touchpoints

Equipment, apps, sites and service staff communicate differently, disrupting continuity across the experience.

Solution PathAudit every touchpoint from discovery and booking to use and departure.
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Digital Office & Input Devices101

Keyboard layouts fail to support different tasks

Office work, creative work and specialist tasks require different keys and shortcuts.

Solution PathObserve input sequences and shortcut frequency across different tasks.
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Digital Office & Input Devices102

Extra mouse buttons are easy to press accidentally

Side buttons overlap with grip support areas, causing users to trigger unintended functions while moving the mouse.

Solution PathMap pressure points and finger movement across different grips.
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Digital Office & Input Devices103

Poor port layout on desktop docks

Cables obstruct one another, forcing users to move the entire dock to connect or disconnect accessories.

Solution PathPlan port placement around connection frequency, cable direction and desk layout.
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Digital Office & Input Devices104

Unclear status indicators on video conferencing equipment

Users cannot confirm microphone, camera and meeting connection status at a glance.

Solution PathIdentify the equipment states participants check most often and where they use the devices.
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Digital Office & Input Devices105

Cumbersome monitor stand adjustment

Height, tilt and desk layout are poorly coordinated, requiring repeated adjustments.

Solution PathDocument sightlines and desk activities when viewing content, collaborating and working on documents.
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Digital Office & Input Devices106

Inadequate storage for styluses and accessories

Styluses, charging accessories and replacement parts are stored separately and are easily left behind when moving between locations.

Solution PathDocument the order in which items are accessed at desks, on the move and in shared spaces.
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Digital Office & Input Devices107

Office equipment is difficult to access for cleaning and maintenance

Maintenance instructions do not clearly correspond to physical locations on the product, leaving users to rely on experience when cleaning.

Solution PathIdentify frequently touched surfaces, serviceable components and tasks requiring professional maintenance.
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Digital Office & Input Devices108

Confusing connections between digital devices from different brands

Similar-looking ports make it difficult to assess accessory compatibility and connection status.

Solution PathMap common accessory connection tasks and the cues users rely on.
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Digital Office & Input Devices109

Shared office equipment lacks personal settings management

As people take turns using equipment, their settings, accessories and session states interfere with one another.

Solution PathDistinguish personal preferences, shared team settings and administrator controls.
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Digital Office & Input Devices110

A disjointed journey from delivery to desk setup

The unpacking sequence does not align with cabling, assembly and the first work task.

Solution PathDocument the full journey from delivery to completion of the first work task.
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Smart Home & Household Appliances111

Appliance controls do not reflect everyday tasks

Functions are organized by technical system, making routine operations difficult to find.

Solution PathObserve users’ preparation, operation and finishing tasks.
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Smart Home & Household Appliances112

Complicated network setup for smart home devices

Account setup, network connection and device linking are fragmented, with insufficient status feedback.

Solution PathMap setup flows across user roles, devices and apps.
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Smart Home & Household Appliances113

Appliance placement overlooks the space needed for use

Design focuses on the appliance itself, overlooking the space needed to open doors, retrieve items and clean.

Solution PathDocument placement, surrounding objects and operating paths in real homes.
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Smart Home & Household Appliances114

Scheduled and active appliance states are difficult to distinguish

Scheduling, preparation, operation and completion messages look similar, leading users to misread the current state.

Solution PathMap state transitions and the actions available at each stage.
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Smart Home & Household Appliances115

Poor coordination when household members share devices

Individual preferences and usage histories overlap, making handovers unclear.

Solution PathIdentify common tasks for each household role and how shared devices pass between users.
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Smart Home & Household Appliances116

Confusing filter and consumable replacement

Users cannot identify replacement locations, compatible part models or whether replacement is complete.

Solution PathDocument the full process of finding parts, replacing them and restarting the appliance.
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Smart Home & Household Appliances117

Smart speakers lack visible interaction feedback

Users cannot tell whether a voice request went unrecognized or is still being processed.

Solution PathDefine feedback needs for wake-up, recognition, execution and unsuccessful requests.
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Smart Home & Household Appliances118

Overly complex disassembly and reassembly for appliance cleaning

Users repeatedly search for clips, tools and component locations while cleaning.

Solution PathObserve cleaning tasks and distinguish user-serviceable work from professional maintenance.
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Smart Home & Household Appliances119

Home devices struggle to fit different interiors

A single design language cannot suit every home interior or placement.

Solution PathStudy interior materials, spatial dimensions and how visible the device will be.
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Smart Home & Household Appliances120

Cables and accessories create clutter around home devices

Power supplies, charging accessories and connectors take up living space, with no clear place to store them.

Solution PathMap cable routes, frequency of use and storage habits.
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Health Services & Elderly Care Products121

The appearance of care and wellbeing products can make users self-conscious

Overly prominent assistive features make users reluctant to use products in everyday settings.

Solution PathExplore how users feel about independence, companionship and use in public.
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Health Services & Elderly Care Products122

Health service kiosks have confusing workflows

Registration, information confirmation and service completion lack a clear sequence.

Solution PathObserve the full service journey for both users and staff.
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Health Services & Elderly Care Products123

Care and wellbeing equipment is not intuitive to adjust

Components are adjustable, but the direction and end position are unclear, leaving users hesitant to make adjustments themselves.

Solution PathDocument adjustment tasks, the roles involved and which changes require professional confirmation.
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Health Services & Elderly Care Products124

Health device information is too complex

Technical parameters and everyday instructions are mixed together, making it difficult for users to know what to do next.

Solution PathSeparate information for professional review, everyday operation and service support.
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Health Services & Elderly Care Products125

Care teams lack complete equipment handover records

Across shifts and shared responsibilities, settings and outstanding tasks lack a continuous record.

Solution PathIdentify the equipment status and operating records both parties need to confirm at handover.
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Health Services & Elderly Care Products126

Care and wellbeing products are difficult to hold and set down

Users need extra assistance to move, set down and pick up devices.

Solution PathObserve everyday handling postures, support points and use environments.
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Health Services & Elderly Care Products127

The cleaning and handover status of health service equipment is unclear

Cleaned, ready-for-use and maintenance states are presented too similarly.

Solution PathWork with operations teams to define each status and document current procedures.
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Health Services & Elderly Care Products128

Home care products are disconnected from remote services

Device information is not communicated clearly to family members and service providers.

Solution PathDefine what each role needs to know and how they can access help.
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Health Services & Elderly Care Products129

Care and wellbeing product instructions are difficult to read

Dense text, graphics and instructions make information hard to find during use.

Solution PathOrganize materials into getting started, everyday use and on-demand reference.
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Health Services & Elderly Care Products130

Health service spaces and device interfaces use inconsistent terminology

Wayfinding signs, service counter names and device interfaces each use different terms.

Solution PathAudit the names users encounter when booking, arriving and using services on site.
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Hospitality, Retail & Service Equipment131

Hotel self-service kiosks lack a clear starting point

Check-in, check-out and other service information appear together, leaving guests unsure where to begin.

Solution PathMap task sequences and staff support around the purpose of each guest's visit.
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Hospitality, Retail & Service Equipment132

Hotel equipment feels disconnected from its surroundings

Kiosks, signage and service accessories are sourced separately, creating a fragmented experience.

Solution PathAudit equipment locations, interior materials and the expression of the hotel brand.
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Hospitality, Retail & Service Equipment133

Queue management systems present information out of sequence

Guidance is fragmented between taking a number, waiting, being called and reaching the service counter.

Solution PathDocument the information customers and staff need at each stage.
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Hospitality, Retail & Service Equipment134

Food service systems lack clear handoff cues

Ordering, preparation, collection and issue resolution are handled across different devices, leaving customers confused.

Solution PathMap customer tasks and staff actions within a single service journey.
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Hospitality, Retail & Service Equipment135

Service desk terminals expose too much administrative information

Staff functions and public information appear in the same view, disrupting use and requiring extra explanation.

Solution PathSeparate information and functions by the needs of staff, visitors and managers.
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Hospitality, Retail & Service Equipment136

Commercial equipment struggles to balance mobility and fixed use

Events require mobile deployment, while daily operations demand stable placement and tidy cabling.

Solution PathDocument the full process of transport, setup, connection and removal.
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Hospitality, Retail & Service Equipment137

Hotel room controls are difficult to understand

Similar labels for lighting, climate control and service buttons leave first-time guests relying on trial and error.

Solution PathDocument guests' tasks as they enter, relax in and leave the room.
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Hospitality, Retail & Service Equipment138

Commercial display terminals fail to connect products with content

Physical presentation, screen content and hands-on experience tell separate stories, making the offer difficult to understand.

Solution PathDefine the product questions the display needs to answer and the sequence of the experience.
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Hospitality, Retail & Service Equipment139

Unattended service equipment lacks a clear route to help

When problems arise, users cannot find support, revealing a disconnect between the equipment and the service team.

Solution PathClassify issues by whether users can resolve them independently, need remote assistance or require on-site support.
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Hospitality, Retail & Service Equipment140

Multilingual service equipment lacks consistency

Terminology, steps and spatial signage do not align across languages.

Solution PathBuild a task-based glossary that distinguishes fixed names from information that can be explained more flexibly.
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Industrial Equipment & Professional Tools141

Industrial equipment control panels lack a clear hierarchy

Critical controls, settings and maintenance functions are mixed together, obscuring responsibilities.

Solution PathClassify controls by user role and the impact of each task.
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Industrial Equipment & Professional Tools142

Tool storage makes task switching difficult

Scattered tools and an illogical retrieval sequence force users to reorganize repeatedly between tasks.

Solution PathDocument tool sets, usage sequences and movement around the workbench.
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Industrial Equipment & Professional Tools143

Maintenance documentation is disconnected from the equipment

Maintenance staff must repeatedly cross-reference complex drawings with physical equipment to locate the right components.

Solution PathAlign equipment component numbering with the maintenance documentation index.
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Industrial Equipment & Professional Tools144

Industrial equipment design obscures operating status

The enclosure and interface fail to provide a coherent view of operating information, making status difficult to monitor.

Solution PathIdentify the status information operators need to see from different distances and angles.
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Industrial Equipment & Professional Tools145

Professional tools are not designed for use with gloves

Gripping, pressing and mode selection do not accommodate the protective gear worn on site.

Solution PathObserve task movements and contact points while users wear their actual work gloves.
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Industrial Equipment & Professional Tools146

Equipment exteriors lack clearly organized functional zones

Cooling vents, controls, handling points and maintenance openings are scattered, undermining a coherent design.

Solution PathTranslate different functional requirements into a unified arrangement of exterior zones.
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Industrial Equipment & Professional Tools147

Industrial equipment models can only be identified by their nameplates

Differences between models are difficult to distinguish through appearance and connections, creating confusion during on-site maintenance.

Solution PathMap the relationships between models, modules and connections.
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Industrial Equipment & Professional Tools148

Professional equipment is awkward to carry

Handles are poorly coordinated with the equipment's center of gravity and dimensions, forcing users to improvise support points.

Solution PathDocument support needs and teamwork during moving, lifting, placement and transport.
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Industrial Equipment & Professional Tools149

Operator training relies on informal knowledge

Training materials are disconnected from hands-on operation, making it difficult for new staff to establish consistent procedures.

Solution PathDocument experienced operators' task sequences and tacit decision-making.
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Industrial Equipment & Professional Tools150

Industrial equipment presentations lack business context

Presentations list technical specifications without helping customers understand how the equipment fits into their workflows.

Solution PathMap equipment inputs, processes and outputs around target customers' tasks.
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Space Science Outreach & Research Terminals151

Space education exhibits struggle to explain abstract processes

Visitors see models but do not understand mission sequences or how components relate to one another.

Solution PathTranslate educational objectives into specific questions visitors need to understand.
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Space Science Outreach & Research Terminals152

Lunar exploration interactives lack a clear mission narrative

Individual interactive stations tell separate stories, making it difficult for visitors to understand the mission as a whole.

Solution PathMap key topics and their relationships using science communication materials.
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Space Science Outreach & Research Terminals153

Inconsistent terminology across scientific instrument interfaces

Screens, component labels and operating guides use different names for the same things.

Solution PathWork with researchers to build a shared glossary of components, tasks and parameters.
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Space Science Outreach & Research Terminals154

Incomplete handover records for shared laboratory equipment

Equipment condition, accessories and outstanding issues are not clearly recorded between users.

Solution PathMap the information needed at preparation, use, shutdown and the next handover.
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Space Science Outreach & Research Terminals155

Scientific equipment data displays make interpretation difficult

Dense raw data makes it hard for users to identify and interpret changes relevant to their tasks.

Solution PathOrganize live monitoring, review and export information around users’ tasks.
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Space Science Outreach & Research Terminals156

Scientific equipment models lack a clear sense of scale

Display models lack a clear connection to actual operating spaces, making them difficult for visitors to understand.

Solution PathIdentify the operator positions, component dimensions and operating routes that need to be explained.
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Space Science Outreach & Research Terminals157

Laboratory equipment accessories are difficult to identify

Similar accessories lack consistent numbering, so selecting and returning them depends on experience.

Solution PathOrganize accessories by experimental task, purpose and configuration.
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Space Science Outreach & Research Terminals158

Scientific equipment maintenance guides lack clear workflows

Documentation is organized by part, making it difficult for maintenance staff to find where to begin.

Solution PathWork with specialists to map maintenance tasks and the conditions that need to be checked.
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Space Science Outreach & Research Terminals159

Science exhibits struggle to engage visitors of different ages

A single level of detail and mode of interaction cannot serve visitors with different levels of knowledge.

Solution PathDefine content levels for basic understanding, deeper exploration and specialist reference.
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Space Science Outreach & Research Terminals160

Research showcases lack clear links to practical applications

Presentations focus on technology names, making it difficult for the public and potential partners to understand how the research could be used.

Solution PathConnect research capabilities to specific tasks, users and application requirements.
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Sustainable Design & Circular Use161

Products are difficult to disassemble and sort by material

Different materials are joined together, requiring complex disassembly for subsequent processing.

Solution PathMap parts, connections and material composition to identify barriers to disassembly.
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Sustainable Design & Circular Use162

Product repairs require too many parts to be replaced

A fault in a small component requires an entire module to be replaced, making maintenance inefficient.

Solution PathDocument common maintenance tasks and how the relevant components connect.
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Sustainable Design & Circular Use163

Long-life products lack ways to stay up to date

The core product remains usable, but changes to connections, interfaces or accessories make it obsolete.

Solution PathDistinguish between elements designed to last and those that need to evolve.
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Sustainable Design & Circular Use164

Recycling information is difficult to understand

Material names, separation points and recycling options are presented in disconnected places.

Solution PathMap the sorting tasks users can complete and who handles each subsequent step.
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Sustainable Design & Circular Use165

Product repair processes lack continuity of information

Users, logistics teams and service staff have different understandings of repair status and accessory requirements.

Solution PathMap the flow of people, items and information from the repair request to the product’s return.
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Sustainable Design & Circular Use166

Rental products are not designed for repeated use

Use, inspection, preparation and redelivery are not planned as a complete cycle.

Solution PathDocument what needs to change and what needs to remain consistent across successive uses.
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Sustainable Design & Circular Use167

Complex packaging materials are difficult to separate

Multiple materials become mixed during unpacking, making them difficult for users to sort.

Solution PathReview how each packaging layer supports protection, identification and transport.
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Sustainable Design & Circular Use168

Material substitutions lack a full assessment of the user experience

Alternative materials are compared only on cost and appearance, overlooking feel, maintenance and use.

Solution PathDefine equivalent task conditions for comparing alternative and original materials.
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Sustainable Design & Circular Use169

Products are difficult to track after use

Recycling, reuse and repair records lack a common product identifier.

Solution PathMap the equipment identity, condition and handover responsibilities that need to be recorded.
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Sustainable Design & Circular Use170

Sustainability claims lack supporting evidence

Broad promotional language fails to explain specific design measures.

Solution PathList concrete improvements in materials, construction, maintenance and packaging.
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Packaging, Shipping & Unboxing Experience171

Unpacking and assembly sequences do not align

Essential accessories are buried deep in the packaging, forcing users to search repeatedly.

Solution PathDocument the order in which items are needed, from opening the package to completing assembly.
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Packaging, Shipping & Unboxing Experience172

Packaging protection conflicts with display needs

Protective structures obscure the product, while display structures add to transport and packing demands.

Solution PathDefine the objectives for transport, display and delivery as distinct stages.
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Packaging, Shipping & Unboxing Experience173

Transport cases lack clear handling guidance

The relationship between handles, wheels and opening direction is unclear, leaving on-site staff unsure how to proceed.

Solution PathDocument how people handle and position items across different transport and lifting tasks.
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Packaging, Shipping & Unboxing Experience174

Accessory checks rely on lengthy paper lists

Large numbers of items make it difficult for users to confirm that everything is included and understand what each item is for.

Solution PathOrganize items by usage task rather than procurement name.
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Packaging, Shipping & Unboxing Experience175

Large products require more unpacking space than users have

Users lack sufficient space to turn and unpack products after delivery.

Solution PathDocument typical delivery spaces and the routes used to bring products inside.
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Packaging, Shipping & Unboxing Experience176

Packaging graphics fail to explain the product’s purpose

Packaging emphasizes decoration and specifications, making it difficult for users to understand how the product is used.

Solution PathIdentify the questions that need to be answered at purchase and first use.
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Packaging, Shipping & Unboxing Experience177

Packaging does not work across e-commerce shipping and in-store delivery

Separate packaging for shipping and display creates duplicate production and extra handovers.

Solution PathMap handling, display and delivery processes across both channels.
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Packaging, Shipping & Unboxing Experience178

Packaging lacks clear opening and completion cues

Users are unsure where to open the packaging and which parts to keep.

Solution PathDocument opening actions, points where users remove the wrong parts and reuse requirements.
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Packaging, Shipping & Unboxing Experience179

Post-shipment equipment checks lack guidance

Recipients are unsure how to inspect the equipment’s exterior and check accessories and documentation.

Solution PathWork with the delivery team to define receiving checks and how issues should be reported.
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Packaging, Shipping & Unboxing Experience180

Packaging lacks clear guidance for reuse

Users want to keep the packaging but are unsure how to reuse it for storage and transport.

Solution PathStudy the practical tasks involved in storing, moving and reshipping the product.
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Digital Collaboration & Service Systems181

Product and companion app information architectures are disconnected

Device functions do not align with app navigation, forcing users to search repeatedly for the right controls.

Solution PathMap physical actions, app interactions and task status within a single workflow.
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Digital Collaboration & Service Systems182

Service staff struggle to understand users’ equipment issues

User descriptions, equipment conditions and service documentation lack consistent points of reference.

Solution PathDefine the component, condition and operating context that issue descriptions need to include.
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Digital Collaboration & Service Systems183

Digital product records lack clear version relationships

Drawings, instructions, prototypes and versions currently on sale are used interchangeably.

Solution PathCreate fields that link products, versions, components and documentation.
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Digital Collaboration & Service Systems184

Accessory selection is not linked to product models

Users struggle to find accessories compatible with their equipment, leading to incorrect purchases.

Solution PathMap the relationships between models, connections and accessory functions.
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Digital Collaboration & Service Systems185

Software and hardware updates lack clear handovers

Software updates change how products operate, while printed instructions and service documentation fall behind.

Solution PathDefine the equipment, operations and documentation affected by each update.
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Digital Collaboration & Service Systems186

Equipment installation lacks standardized task guides

Installers and customers rely on on-site verbal communication, with inconsistent procedures and sign-off.

Solution PathMap the information needed at each stage: preparation, installation, configuration and handover.
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Digital Collaboration & Service Systems187

Product performance feedback fails to inform design iterations

Service teams and designers categorize issues differently, making feedback difficult to translate into improvements.

Solution PathCreate a shared set of issue categories covering appearance, operation, maintenance and information.
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Digital Collaboration & Service Systems188

AI-assisted concepts lack clear design review criteria

AI generates many concepts, but it is difficult to assess whether they meet the brief and brand requirements.

Solution PathStart by defining user tasks, constraints on form and essential brand characteristics.
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Digital Collaboration & Service Systems189

Digital product models fall short as collaboration tools

Models are scattered across files, with no clear link between review comments and versions.

Solution PathStandardize model versioning, review views and feedback records.
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Digital Collaboration & Service Systems190

Product and service communications focus only on features

Users know what the equipment offers, but not how to access ongoing support.

Solution PathMap the service journey from purchase and first use through maintenance and updates.
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Prototyping, Validation & Design Management191

Concept reviews rely too heavily on renderings

Flat images conceal issues with scale, tactility and operation, leading to inconsistent review outcomes.

Solution PathDefine the questions about form and use that each review round must answer.
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Prototyping, Validation & Design Management192

User testing captures only broad satisfaction ratings

Comments such as “easy to use” or “difficult to use” are hard to translate into actionable changes.

Solution PathBreak research objectives down into specific tasks and observable measures.
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Prototyping, Validation & Design Management193

Prototype reviews lack interdisciplinary input

Design, engineering, operations and service teams review separately, allowing problems to accumulate downstream.

Solution PathIdentify the disciplines involved in key tasks and assign review responsibilities.
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Prototyping, Validation & Design Management194

Design decisions lack a traceable record of trade-offs

The final concept is agreed, but subsequent teams do not know why other options were rejected.

Solution PathDocument alternative concepts, evidence of requirements and constraints.
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Prototyping, Validation & Design Management195

Prototype testing fails to reflect real conditions

Clean demonstration spaces and guided use leave real-world problems undiscovered.

Solution PathUse field observations to identify relevant spaces, objects, people and sources of disruption.
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Prototyping, Validation & Design Management196

Research samples lack diversity

Testing includes only people familiar with the product, overlooking first-time users and maintenance teams.

Solution PathCreate a participant coverage matrix based on roles, experience and usage environments.
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Prototyping, Validation & Design Management197

Design phases lack clear deliverables and responsibilities

Outputs and responsibilities are unclear across research, concept development, engineering and launch.

Solution PathDefine the questions to resolve, deliverables to produce and people responsible for approval at each stage.
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Prototyping, Validation & Design Management198

Design assets lack consistent naming and filing

Teams struggle to find the correct versions of drawings, models, images and documentation.

Solution PathEstablish a naming system that links each file to its project, product, version and purpose.
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Prototyping, Validation & Design Management199

Post-launch feedback rarely leads to design reviews

Feedback is used only for isolated repairs, without informing the product definition or design principles.

Solution PathOrganize feedback from real-world use by task, version and user role.
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Prototyping, Validation & Design Management200

Interdisciplinary design outcomes are difficult to communicate

Research, form, interaction and service outputs are presented together without making their contributions clear.

Solution PathStructure the project narrative around problems, evidence, decisions, deliverables and validation.
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